Projectile



PROJECTILE Filed Feb. l, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 fig-1- Tru/Emmy Rehe H Etudl E1* Attorney June 14, 1938. R. R. sTUDLER PROJECTILE Filed Feb. 1, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 AtturT-LE 16 n tridge case, which will have desired ballistic char- Patented .une 14, 1938 PATENT OFFlCE PROJECTILE Ren R. Studler, United States Army, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application February 1, 1934, Serial No. '709,346

1 Claim.

(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as"

amended April 30,

i The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.

The subject of this invention is a projectile and relates more especially to high velocity long range projectiles.

'I'he main objects of the invention are the production of a projectile that will offer compara- ,tively small frictional resistance to starting motion andtravel through a gun barrel, which will effectively seal against the escape of gas past ythe projectile which is in motion when taking the rifling of the gun, which may beetectively VV: sealed and held against displacement in the caracteristics during ight, and which may be used with the present standard ried barrel.

These objects are attained by the proper formation of the projectile, by proper positioning and dimensioning of the steadying (locating) and rotating (driving) bands and by other novel details of construction.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention resides in the novel arrangement and combination of parts and inthe details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed may be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The spirit of the invention includes all projectiles used in riiled weapons, the fundamentals of design being applicable to projectiles of all calibers regardless of type of ammunition used.

By way of illustration a .30 caliber bullet constructed in accordance with the invention is disclosed in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a View in side elevation of a projectile.

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 isa longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the bullet.

Fig. 4 is a similar View of another form.

Fig. 5 is a View partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section of a complete round containing a projectile constructed in accordance with the invention, and

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the breech end of a rifle barrel, the position-of the round of ammunition being indicated therein in dotted lines.

Referring to the drawings by numerals of reference: The projectile consists of a body I of cylindrical formation and slightly in excess of 1928; 370 O. Gr. 757) one and one-half calibers in length. 'The main portion of the body is slightly less than one caliber in diameter-so as to assure that this portion of the projectile will not bear on the lands of the weapon in its passage through the barrel. At the front end of the body a steadying (locating) band 2 is provided of a diameter sufficiently greater than one caliber to assure holding the forward portion of the projectile in such position that the longitudinal axis of the projectile will coincide with that of the bore and to assure seating of the band in the forcing cone in rear of the originof the riding. This band is herein shown as one-sixth of a caliber in width with a beveled forward edge. This exact dimensionvis not essential as the purpose and object of this band is to form an effective initial gas seal and to guide and steady the projectile during its passage through the gun barrel, it is thereforeessential that this band be as light as is consistent with effective initial gas sealing and steadying of the projectile. A rotating (driving) band 3 is provided on the projectile and is situated slightly in excess of one caliber from the forward edge of the beveled portion of the band 2. This band is also preferably formed with a beveled forward edge and is substantially one-third of a caliber in width. To the rear of the rotating (driving) band 3 the body may be formed with a tapered or boat-tail end 4 lin the base of which may be formed a cavity 5 of slightly less than one-third of a caliber in depth and of as great a volume as is consistent With the strength of the walls of the base of the projectile.

The head 6 of the projectile is of elongated ogival formation, substantially one and one-half calibers in length and the arcs of curvature are struck with radii of seven and six-tenths calibers from points as centers located in a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and situated slightly more than one caliber, in this instance .307", to the rear of the base of the ogive.

From the foregoing it will be evident that only the bands 2 and 3 take the rifling of the gun barrel. Now band 2 is made narrower than band 3 in order to reduce the pressure required to force it into the rifled barrel. The projectile, therefore, is enabled to begin its travel at a relatively early stage of the combustion of the powder charge. The volume of the powder chamber is thus increased at an early stage of combustion, and therefore larger powder charges can be used with great increase in velocity of the bullet without exceeding permissible pressures.

In the form illustrated in Fig. 3 an armor piercing bullet is shown Which is 4.65 calibers in length with a pointed head 6a 2.65 calibers in length struck with a radius of 8 calibers in length. The body la of the bullet is substantially 1.3 calibers in length. with a boat-tail base 4a substantially 2/3 of a caliber in length. The steadying (locating) band 2a is 1/6` caliber in Width andS-thei-rotating (driving) band 3a is 1/3 of a caliber in Width. The forward edges of both bands are beveled. The bodies of both bullets, ball and armor piercing, have the same diarnetersf-and-l the bands are of equal diameterso-that asidey from Variations in the point or nose and base-,L1 both bullets are alike on outside contour.

With an armor piercing bullet such as-illus-` trated in Fig. 3, the core Il may be heavier thanin the standard bullet and the bulletasA a Whole still be lighter by reason of the vfactthat the jacket is much lighter. This lightening ofthe jacket is made possible by reason of the fact that there is very reducedfrictionalcontact between. the bullet and Walls of the rie'barrel and consequently less tendency to strip the jacket from thebullet. The heavy core Which is the element of' the bullet Which does the armor piercing has greater penetrative ability and renders the projectile more effective for the purpose vfor Which it is intended.

'I'he modiiied form of projectile illu'stratedinl Fig'. 4 has the base or boat-tailV 4 left off but is in all other respects similar to the one shown in Fig. 3, or could be the same as that shown in Fig. 1.

As seen most clearly in Fig. 5, the neck of the cartridge case Iis crimped behind the steadjying" (locating) band 2 or 2a as at 8. thereby forming a perfect construction for sealing the roundagainst moisture and alsoy presenting a shoulder which prevents forcing the bullet rearwardly into the cartridge case, which is of great advantage when using the round with that class of machineA guns which resize each round as it is fed to the gun, often causing short round stoppages.

As illustrated in Fig. 6, the cartridge case k'l seats in the cartridge chamber of the gun with the steadying (locating) band 2 or 2a.'l forced into'the forcing cone 9"toVv form an initial gas vseal and hold the projectile properly centered.

The nose of the projectile is positioned between the-lands I0 Without contact therewith so that Y understood to mean a-broken forward face; on',

the bands which may be a plane incline, a con- Vex surface, or a concave surface the intent.V

being'to. avoidiaf forward surface on the bands lying in -a plane'at rightangles the projectile.

I claim:

tothe axis fof? A projectileiincluding'a body substantiallyonex and tWo=-thirdsv calibers in length, the diameter of" the body less than one caliber, bands-at 'the' front end and adjacent'to the rearl of thebody.. and avpointed ogival head substantially onegandr; eight-tenths calibers inlength; the curve'f the.'

ogive an arc struck from a point'as center located ber to the'rearl of,v thei base-of the head:v

REN R. s'rUnLnR.v

Y on a line perpendicular'to the'longitudinal-'axisf' of the projectile positioned "substantially/one* cali- 

